Albert Schweitzer earned doctorates in philosophy and theology, had a reputation as one of Europe's finest organists, and came to international fame with his 1906 best seller . The University of Tubingen published the dissertation that resulted in 1899. Albert Schweitzer. Albert Schweitzer. The living conditions, too, were horrid with makeshift huts for shelter and medical care, hot, steamy tropical days, cold nights, and huge gusts of wind and rainfall. and worked unobtrusively. Description and criticism] (published in English in 1948 as The Psychiatric Study of Jesus. Schweitzer cross-referenced the many New Testament verses declaring imminent fulfilment of the promise of the World's ending within the lifetime of Jesus's original followers. These chapters started a chain He had originally conducted trials for recordings for HMV on the organ of the old Queen's Hall in London. it less unruly); age seamed his face, shrunk his frame, made him appear bandy-legged; time softened his eyes and made them less severe. But after a century spent healing the sick, the hospital has spent the past . Its climate is among the world's worst, with fiercely hot days, clammy nights and seasonal torrents of rain. He was 90 years old. Among his many charitable works, Dr. Schweitzer founded a hospital in Lambarn, which was situated in what was then known as French Equatorial Africa, and is today the capital of the province of Moyen-Ogoou in the nation of Gabon. Ever the autodidact, during this period Albert also served as curate for the church Saint-Nicolas in Strasbourg. [10], From 1893 Schweitzer studied Protestant theology at the Kaiser Wilhelm University in Strasbourg. chief force of the famous hospital at Lambarene, in Gabon, the former French Equatorial Africa. This, He celebrated his 90th birthday there as hundreds of Africans, Europeans and Americans gathered to wish him well. On the other hand, the Hellenist "lives on the store of experience which he acquired in the initiation" and is not continually affected by a shared communal experience.[47]. He took to playing the organ as soon as he was big enough to reach the pedals and amazed all who listened to him. Train yourself never to put off the word or action for the expression of gratitude." ~ Albert Schweitzer. Schweitzer maintained, nonetheless, that Jesus' concepts were eternal. E.M.G., op. It was a search that had haunted him, driven him, since childhood. for his altruism, reverence for life, and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one (English) Preventable medical mistakes are the third leading cause of death in the U.S after heart disease and cancer. The Albert Schweitzer Page; Association Internationale Albert Schweitzer; Albert Schweitzer mzeum s archvum Gnsbach; Albert Schweitzer Fellowship; Readings on Reverence for Life; Bruderhof Peacemakers Guide profile on Albert Schweitzer; Page at the Nobel e-Museum Archivlva 2004. augusztus 15-i dtummal a Wayback Machine-ben Instead, he seemed to many observers to be a simple, almost rustic man, who dressed in rumpled clothing, suffered fools gladly, stated fundamental verities patiently and paternally It resulted in a book, "Paul and for his ethical creed was as firm at 90 as it was on his 30th birthday, the day he decided to devote the rest of his life to the natives of Africa as a physician. full expression in the 18th century.". The following year, 1906, (and despite pleas from his family to pursue his religious studies) a 31-year-old Albert began medical school. " Albert Schweitzer 31. Date of death. By mid-century it had become the commonest cause. He apparently did so in the company of his two cats, "Sizi" and . Schweitzer maintained that the life of Jesus must be interpreted in the light of Jesus' own convictions, which reflected late Jewish eschatology and apocalypticism. Exposition and Criticism[52]). ~ Albert Schweitzer. The Bach titles were mainly distributed as follows: Later recordings were made at Parish church, Gnsbach: These recordings were made by C. Robert Fine during the time Dr. Schweitzer was being filmed in Gnsbach for the documentary "Albert Schweitzer". Mosquitoes were not swatted, nor pests and insects doused with chemicals; they were left alone, and humans put up with them. Schweitzer's death was kept secret through the night because of a request he had. At the age of 30, in 1905, Schweitzer answered the call of The Society of the Evangelist Missions of Paris, which was looking for a physician. Strasbourg as a student in theology, philosophy and musical theory. Two 1992 episodes of the television series. bare.". J. S. Bach: Passacaglia in C minor, BWV 582; Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 533; Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543; Prelude and Fugue in G major, BWV 541; Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565. Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 1875 - 4 September 1965) was a French-German theologian, organist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. He was also appointed organist for the Bach Concerts of the Orfo Catal at Barcelona, Spain, and often travelled there for that purpose. 14 January 1875. Albert Schweitzer's engagement with Judaism, and with the Jewish community more generally, has never been the subject of substantive discussion. Albert Schweitzer made notable organ recordings of Bach's music in the 1940s and 1950s. Hupp, upp. Schweitzer regarded most native Africans as children, as primitives. [67] He summarized his views on European-African relations by saying "With regard to the negroes, then, I have coined the formula: 'I am your brother, it is true, but your elder brother. He commands. He was there again from 1929 to 1932. Schweitzer also studied piano under Isidor Philipp, head of the piano department at the Paris Conservatory. Pain is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself. [41] Primitive mysticism "has not yet risen to a conception of the universal, and is still confined to naive views of earthly and super-earthly, temporal and eternal". Also, he is famous for being a music scholar and an organist. Once, for instance, he all but halted the station's work when he received a letter from a Norwegian child seeking a feather from Parsifal, his pet pelican. the faculty at Strasbourg; wrote "The Mystery of the Kingdom of God"; and, at Widor's urging, completed a study of the life and art of Johann Sebastian Bach. They ranged from leprosy, dysentery, elephantiasis, sleeping sickness, malaria, yellow fever, to wounds incurred by encounters. Schweitzer's view that "simple people need simple healing methods," however it might have outraged medical sophisticates, won for Lambarene a tremendous measure of native confidence. his death to more than 70 buildings, 350 beds and a leper village of 200. [76][77] Translating several couplets from the work, he remarked that the Kural insists on the idea that "good must be done for its own sake" and said, "There hardly exists in the literature of the world a collection of maxims in which we find so much lofty wisdom. During his return visits to his home village of Gunsbach, Schweitzer continued to make use of the family house, which after his death became an archive and museum to his life and work. . Turning to Bach's nonchurch music, Schweitzer said: "The Brandenburg concertos are the purest product of Bach's polyphonic style. For all his self-abnegation, Schweitzer had a bristly character, at least in his later years, a formidable sense of his own importance to Lambarene and a do-good paternalism toward Africans that smacked more of the 19th than the 20th century. Not only did he design the station, but he also helped build it with his own hands. That is the beginning and the foundation of all ethics. Alfalfa, the. For every person who committed an atrocity in Jesus' name, someone must step in to help in Jesus' name; for every person who robbed, someone must bring a replacement; for everyone who cursed, someone must bless. Altogether his early Columbia discs included 25 records of Bach and eight of Csar Franck. He and his wife (they were German citizens) were interned as prisoners of war for four months, then released to continue the work of the hospital. Schweitzer's university life was interrupted by a year of compulsory military service in 1894, a period that proved crucial to his religious thinking and to his life's vocation. "At times our own light goes out and is rekindled by a spark from . A Lutheran minister, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method current at this time, as well as the . Quotes about Schweitzer [] He simply acted out of inner necessity. He was genuinely proud of his medical and missionary station at Lambarene. [88] Biographer James Bentley has written that Schweitzer became a vegetarian after his wife's death in 1957 and he was "living almost entirely on lentil soup". Csar Franck: Organ Chorales, no. ". He was 90 years old. A rift opened between this world-view, as material knowledge, and the life-view, understood as Will, expressed in the pessimist philosophies from Schopenhauer onward. At times our own light goes out and is rekindled by a spark from another person. "Even if it's a little thing, do something for those who have need of a man's help, something for which you get no pay but the privilege of doing His brother, Dr. Paul Schweitzer, 83, was not able to be with him. 1952. prize money. [28] Built especially for the tropics, it was delivered by river in a huge dug-out canoe to Lambarn, packed in a zinc-lined case. He died at 11:30 P.M. (6:30 P.M. New York time). In June of 1912, he married Helene Bresslau (the daughter of a professor of history at Strasbourg). sermons as well as to his scalpel, for he believed that the good shepherd saves not only the animal but also his soul. In contemplation of the will-to-life, respect for the life of others becomes the highest principle and the defining purpose of humanity. [90] Stamos noted that Schweitzer held the view that evolution ingrained humans with an instinct for meat so it was useless in trying to deny it. Until he extends the circle of his compassion to all living things, man will not himself find peace. Success is not the key to happiness. Scholfield found a time of 11:06am (no source given) in "In aller Welt . Albert Schweitzer (1875 - 1965) was an Alsatian who dedicated his life to alleviating the suffering of Blacks in Africa, likely due to his Christian convictions. I can do no other than to have compassion for all that is called life. There were no significant differences in all-cause and cardiovascular death, stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events. be cited than the fact--regarded locally as something of a miracle--of his own survival.". Hospital workers, lepers, cripples and other patients gathered in the jungle heat as the body of the noted physician, scholar, philosopher and musician was lowered into the ground. During that year, his father, a Lutheran pastor, moved his wife and eldest son to [80] With the $33,000 prize money, he started the leprosarium at Lambarn. These recordings were made in the course of a fortnight in October 1936.[94]. In 1917, the Schweitzers were returned to France and later to Alsace. In the Schweitzer method, the figure-8 is replaced by two small diaphragm condenser microphones pointed directly away from each other. [50] He could easily have obtained a place in a German evangelical mission, but wished to follow the original call despite the doctrinal difficulties. He is a figure designed by rationalism, endowed with life by liberalism, and clothed by modern theology in a historical garb. " Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall. He had little but contempt for the nationalist movement, for his attitudes were firmly grounded in Schweitzer's only daughter, Mrs. Rhena Eckert, will be its administrator. In 1896, at the age of 21, he pledged himself that he would give the following nine . The Deed is everything, the Glory naught. 171,135 Swedish krona. [70] After three decades in Africa, Schweitzer still depended on Europe for nurses.[71]. LAMBARENE, GABON, Sept. 5--Albert Schweitzer died last night in his jungle hospital here. Albert Schweitzer. Though he took theology at university, studying at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Universitt in Strasbourg and at the Sorbonne in Paris before publishing his PhD thesis - on The Religious Philosophy of Kant - at the University of Tbingen in 1899, he first found acclaim as a scholar of music. We really seem to see before us what the philosophy of all ages conceives as the fundamental mystery of things--that This was no sooner under way than Schweitzer fell ill, an epidemic of dysentery broke out and a famine set in. Further on ahimsa and the reverence for life in the same book, he elaborates on the ancient Indian didactic work of the Tirukkural, which he observed that, like the Buddha and the Bhagavad Gita, "stands for the commandment not to kill and not to damage". side by side! concerts on the organ, conducted a heavy correspondence and examined Pauline ideas, especially that of dying and being born again "in Jesus Christ." However, human consciousness holds an awareness of, and sympathy for, the will of other beings to live. Please check your inbox to confirm. In 1922, he delivered the Dale Memorial Lectures in the University of Oxford, and from these in the following year appeared Volumes I and II of his great work, The Decay and Restoration of Civilization and Civilization and Ethics. In 1957, Schweitzer was one of the founders of The Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. He planned to spread the Gospel by the example of his Christian labour of healing, rather than through the verbal process of preaching, and believed that this service should be acceptable within any branch of Christian teaching. Widor, deeply impressed, agreed to teach Schweitzer without fee, and a great and influential friendship thus began. Albert Schweitzer was born on January 14, 1875, in Kaysersberg, near Strasbourg, Elsass-Lothringen, Germany (now in Alsace, France). He now had salvarsan for treating syphilitic ulcers and framboesia. If Schweitzer was thin-skinned to criticism from irreverent journalists, he heard little of it at Lambarene, where his proprietorship was unquestioned. The increase in heart disease deaths from the early 20th century . He envisaged instruments in which the French late-romantic full-organ sound should work integrally with the English and German romantic reed pipes, and with the classical Alsace Silbermann organ resources and baroque flue pipes, all in registers regulated (by stops) to access distinct voices in fugue or counterpoint capable of combination without loss of distinctness: different voices singing the same music together. Albert Schweitzer suffered a stroke on 28 August 1965 and died from it on 4 September 1965 in Lambarn., at the age of 90. In January 1937, he returned again to Lambarn and continued working there throughout World War II. His pamphlet "The Art of Organ Building and Organ Playing in Germany and France" (1906,[25] republished with an appendix on the state of the organ-building industry in 1927) effectively launched the 20th-century Orgelbewegung, which turned away from romantic extremes and rediscovered baroque principlesalthough this sweeping reform movement in organ building eventually went further than Schweitzer had intended. "The chorale not only puts in his possession the treasury of Protestant music," Schweitzer wrote, "but also opens to him the riches of the Middle Ages and of the sacred Latin music from Additionally, he argues that this view of a "union with the divinity, brought about by efficacious ceremonies, is found even in quite primitive religions". But determination to make his life an "argument" Heart disease was an uncommon cause of death in the US at the beginning of the 20th century. Two physicians had arrived from Europe, and to them and to two nurses he turned over all medical responsibilities for a year and a half while he supervised (and helped) to fell trees, clear ground and construct buildings. He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. Albert Schweitzer. It approaches Bach as a musician-poet and concentrates on his chorales; cantatas and Passion For Schweitzer, mankind had to accept that objective reality is ethically neutral. He did not preen himself, nor did he utter cosmic statements Kentucky Vital Records Indexes at Ancestry (these require payment) Kentucky Death Certificates and Records, 1852-1965 (coverage before 1911 varies by county) includes digitized Kentucky death certificates from 1911-1965, plus earlier records for some counties ; Kentucky Death Index, 1911-2000 His speech ended, "The end of further experiments with atom bombs would be like the early sunrays of hope which suffering humanity is longing for. Here is all you want to know, and more! As a child, he was frail and an indifferent student in everything but music, for which he showed the interest of a prodigy. Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 08:10, Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method, Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Association Internationale Albert Schweitzer, Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Religion & the Treatment of God's Creatures", "Review of "The Mystery of the Kingdom of God", "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", "Albert Schweitzer and Henry Fonda's Lost Special", "List of Members of the Order of Merit, past and present", "History of Vegetarianism Dr Albert Schweitzer (18751965)", "Knigsfeld feiert ?Schweitzer-Erben? the end came; at first Jesus believed that his Messianic reign would begin before his disciples returned from the teaching mission commanded of them in the Gospel according to St. Matthew. Although Schweitzer's views on Africa were out of date, he did what no man had done before him--he healed thousands and he welded world attention on Africa's many plights. to the church to play Bach. There he studied theology, philology, and the theory of music. Albert Schweitzer 30. Lambarene was where Schweitzer chose to die. He was known especially for founding the Schweitzer Hospital, which provided unprecedented medical care for the natives of Lambarn in Gabon. Schweitzer saw many operas of Richard Wagner in Strasbourg (under Otto Lohse) and in 1896 he managed to afford a visit to the Bayreuth Festival to see Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen and Parsifal, both of which impressed him. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. Attending the University of Strasbourg, he served as curate at St. Nicholas, gave Footnote 126 Her devotion to Schweitzer's cause was manifested in a variety of ways and never in . Dr. Howard Markel writes a monthly column for the PBS NewsHour, highlighting the anniversary of a momentous event that continues to shape modern medicine. ", Called upon to be specific about Reverence for Life, he explained that the concept "does not allow the scholar to live for science alone, even if he is very useful to the community in so doing.". His life was portrayed in the 1952 movie Il est minuit, Docteur Schweitzer, starring Pierre Fresnay as Albert Schweitzer and Jeanne Moreau as his nurse Marie. These records did not satisfy him, the instrument being too harsh. He defended Jesus' mental health in it. The moment of awakening came as he was reading Matthew x and xi 17 Copy quote. The history of the Albert Schweitzer Hospital (ASH) The first foundations of the ASH were laid in Andende, a district of Gabon's provincial capital of Lambarn, located on the right bank of the Ogoou opposite the current site of the ASH. Albert Schweitzer was born in Alsace-Lorraine in 1875. Also Known As: Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer Died At Age: 90 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Helene Bresslau father: Louis Thophile siblings: Emma Schweitzer, Louisa Schweitzer, Lulie Adele Schweitzer, Marguerit Schweitzer, Paul Schweitzer children: Rhena Schweitzer Miller Born Country: France Quotes By Albert Schweitzer Nobel Peace Prize ", "Let me give you a definition of ethics," he wrote on another occasion. Agriculture, not science or industrialization, is their greatest need. the United States and lectured on Goethe at a conference in Aspen, Colo. Fugue in A minor (Peters, Vol 2, 8); Fantasia and Fugue in G minor (Great) (Vol 2, 4); Toccata, Adagio and Fugue in C major (Vol 3, 8). Instead, he conceives of sonship to God as "mediated and effected by means of the mystical union with Christ". Abstract. [7] The medieval parish church of Gunsbach was shared by the Protestant and Catholic congregations, which held their prayers in different areas at different times on Sundays. Trensz conducted experiments showing that the non-amoebic strain of dysentery was caused by a paracholera vibrion (facultative anaerobic bacteria). He thought that Western civilization was decaying because it had abandoned affirmation of life as its ethical foundation. LAMBARENE, GABON, Sept. 5--Albert Schweitzer died last night in his jungle hospital here. Though we cannot perfect the endeavour we should strive for it: the will-to-live constantly renews itself, for it is both an evolutionary necessity and a spiritual phenomenon. Seek always to do some good, somewhere. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics 1. Dr. Albert Schweitzer was a physician, philosopher, theologian, organist and humanitarian. During 1934 and 1935 he resided in Britain, delivering the Gifford Lectures at Edinburgh University, and those on Religion in Modern Civilization at Oxford and London. He was elected to the French Academy in 1951. Through concerts and other fund-raising, he was ready to equip a small hospital. READ MORE: The story behind Alfred Nobels spirit of discovery. Never say there is nothing beautiful in the world anymore. He refused to attend a committee to inquire into his doctrine, but met each committee member personally and was at last accepted. People robbed native inhabitants of their land, made slaves of them, let loose the scum of mankind upon them. original contribution of Reverence for Life as an effective basis for a civilized world. Schweitzer received many honorary degrees and recognition from a number of governments and learned societies. The English version, "J. S. Bach," is a two-volume translation of the German text, itself an entire reworking of the first version written in French. There was a further period of work in 1935. It is a historical review of ethical thought leading to his own Whatever Schweitzer's idiosyncrasies, he constructed a profound and enduring ethical system expressed in the principle Ehrfurcht vor dem Leben or Reverence of Life. But no such meaning was found, and the rational, life-affirming optimism of the Age of Enlightenment began to evaporate. Among the neonatal deaths, 27% occurred on the first day of life, and 80% occurred during the first 10 days of life. Edward Albert Heimberger, famously known by his stage name Eddie Albert, was one actor and activist who . 4 September 1965. [83] He was also a chevalier of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/dr-albert-schweitzer-a-renowned-medical-missionary-with-a-complicated-history. Inspired by medical missionary and Nobel Peace Prize winner Dr. Albert Schweitzer, an American couple, Dr. Larry and Mrs. Gwen Grant Mellon, founded HAS in 1956. (Revelation 22:20). [17], In 1905, Schweitzer began his study of medicine at the University of Strasbourg, culminating in the degree of M.D. it.". It could then affirm a new Enlightenment through spiritual rationalism, by giving priority to volition or ethical will as the primary meaning of life. This book, which established his reputation, was first published in English in 1910 as The Quest of the Historical Jesus. Footnote 35 Not only has Jesus, according to Schweitzer, by his death and apparent failure, . And so he proceeded to build a hospital appropriate to the needs of junior brothers with standards of hygiene reminiscent of medical practice in the days before the germ theory of disease came into being."[63]. "From whatever direction he is considered, Bach is, then, the last word in an artistic evolution which was prepared in the Middle Ages, freed and activated by the Reformation and arrives at its READ MORE: Celebrating the life of Alice Hamilton, founding mother of occupational medicine. Although unacceptable in todays culture, Dr. Schweitzers comments about those he treated were, sadly, all too common during his era, one marked by colonialism, paternalism and racist views. In 1899, he astonished Widor by explaining figures and motifs in Bach's Chorale Preludes as painter-like tonal and rhythmic imagery illustrating themes from the words of the hymns on which they were based. He fell ill from exhaustion on Aug. 28 and his condition worsened steadily. The epidemic promoted Schweitzer based his interpretation on his profound knowledge of personality, education, religious and social life of Bach. Her father, Charles Schweitzer, was the older brother of Albert Schweitzer's father, Louis Thophile. The Schweitzers had their own bungalow and employed as their assistant Joseph, a French-speaking Galoa[clarification needed] (Mpongwe), who first came to Lambarn as a patient.[57][58]. for which the contemporary world with its historical and social circumstances no longer had any existence. He became a welcome guest at the Wagners' home, Wahnfried. Babies, even in the leper enclave, dropped toys into the dust of the unpaved streets and then popped them into their mouths. Schweitzer inspired actor Hugh O'Brian when O'Brian visited in Africa. The on-axis microphone is often a large diaphragm condenser. On departure for Lambarn in 1913, he was presented with a pedal piano, a piano with pedal attachments to operate like an organ pedal-keyboard. Every man has to seek in his own way to realize his true worth. [26] This provided the basis for the International Regulations for Organ Building. Schweitzer explains that Paul focused on the idea of fellowship with the divine being through the "realistic" dying and rising with Christ rather than the "symbolic" Hellenistic act of becoming like Christ through deification. He and his wife are buried on the Hospital grounds in Lambarn. A scholar herself, she became a trained nurse in order to share her husband's life in Africa. In a telegram that Mrs. Eckert sent to them from here Saturday, she said: "He is dying, inevitably and soon. In 2016, he may be a somewhat forgotten, or even a controversial, figure but a half a century or more ago, the mere mention of the name Schweitzer instantly conjured up images of selflessness, heroism and the very model of a modern, humane physician. [29] It became his custom to play during the lunch hour and on Sunday afternoons. Fine originally self-released the recordings but later licensed the masters to Columbia. "In reality, that which is eternal in the words of Jesus is due to the very fact that they are based on an eschatological world-view, and contain the expression of a mind
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