The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). microcomputer Flashcards | Quizlet the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the . Solved Until recently, good microcomputer software for - Chegg Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. The machine came with 256 bytes of memory (expandable to 64 KB) and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the S-100 standard widely used in hobbyist and personal computers of this era. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. Definition. At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. By 2011, over 2.4 million laptops had been shipped. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet C. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. When Was the First Computer Invented? - Computer Hope's Free Computer Help Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. true. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. Building a computer into the watch form factor has been attempted many times but the release of the Apple Watch leads to a new level of excitement. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. The 2116A is HPs first computer. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. Customers included US military as well as industry. 1951. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. What is microcomputer? | Definition from TechTarget Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. The Librascope division of defense contractor General Precision buys Frankels design, renaming it the LGP-30 in 1956. Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. Definition. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. A. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? MADDIDA was flown across the country for a demonstration to John von Neumann, who was impressed. . Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . True False Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. B. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. [2] The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. The micro has to have a real . IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. List of early microcomputers - Wikipedia The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. Microcomputer | Definition, Examples, Uses, & Facts | Britannica The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe When was the word "computer" first used? Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. The Mark 1 produced mathematical tables but was soon superseded by electronic stored-program computers. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Answer (1 of 14): There's a good argument that written mathematics or music is probably the first, a pre-specified structured set of instructions intended to transport and replicate a process. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. Atari's 8-bit computers were influential in the arts, especially in the emerging DemoScene culture of the 1980s and '90s. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. Dollars. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Microsoft founded - HISTORY Chapter5.docx - CHAPTER 5 1. QUESTION 1 During the 1980s The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? microprocessor/ processor. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. server. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. Computer Chp. 1&2 Flashcards Spinning at 12,500 rpm, the 650s magnetic data-storage drum allowed much faster access to stored information than other drum-based machines. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. Produce results (output) 4. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. Microsoft Apps That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. Stored-program computer - Wikipedia Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. According to an independent computer-industry analyst, the new Regent The line was discontinued in 2014. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. Accept data (input) 2. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. Quizlet ch3.pdf - 3/21/2021 Chapter 3: Computer Hardware The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003.
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