The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. Balkan, 1954, p. 109). All the mayors have Babylonian names. (1998, pp. The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. Elamites and Assyrians attack Babylonia. [5] The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya. As for the meaning of Ahmose, I am no Egyptologist but I am fairly certain that his name means born of Iah (the moond god). 73, No. The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. "2. They are well represented among the great landowners. The fall of Babylon is a historical event that occurred in 539 BC. Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/MiddleEast/Kassites.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassites#Kassite_Dynasty_of_Babylo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kassite_Babylonia_EN.svg. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that this may be just an accident of documentation. Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. There is a striking parallel in the #287 and #290 Amarna letters referring to Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem. [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, Archiv fr Orientforschung 18,1957-58, pp. Idem, Forced laborers in the Middle Babylonian period, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 32, 1980, pp. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 6, no. Idem, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, Analecta Orientalia 43, Rome, 1968. Chronicles and king lists are imprecise, and although the Kassite kings traditionally ruled over Babylonia for 576 years, it is probable that the first Kassite kings reigned in Babylonia simultaneously with the last kings of the first Babylonian dynasty; thus Gandash, the first Kassite king, possibly began his reign about the middle of the 18th century bc, but not at Babylon. Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. After the destruction of the Mittani by the Hittites in the early 14th century BC Assyria rose in power creating a three way power structure in the region between the Kassites, Hittites, and Assyrians with Elam exerting influence from the east and Egypt from the south. Both regions remained linked with the Babylonian government during the 11th and 10th century BCE, but from 850 BCE onwards they passed to the Assyrian sphere of influence (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Download Free PDF View PDF. Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Peri Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 - 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. The attempt of A. Ancillotti (1981) to demonstrate that Kassite is originally an Indo-Aryan language is not convincing. Dr-Kurigalzu: Insights from Unpublished Iraqi Excavation Reports". Several Kassite tribes and clans bore Akkadian and atypical names (Sassmannshausen, 2001, pp. "Kassite" redirects here. Required fields are marked *. The world of the Bible is knowable. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. [25] As the Babylonian empire weakened in the following years the Kassites became a part of the landscape, even at times supplying troops for Babylon. . 125-145, Potts, Daniel T. (1999). Volume 2 Kardunia. 113-118. The Bible, however, distinguishes the Havilah that serves as one of the boundaries of Ishmaelite territory from all other places named Havilah, with the qualifying phrase "by Shur, which is close to Egypt" (Gen. 25:18). The office of the governor was secular, but he could also serve as the high priest of the Enlil temple (Ekur) of Nippur. However, P. Huber (1999-2000) rejects the astronomical evidence adduced by Gurzadyan (in Gasche et al., 1998, pp. Ahmose ruled in the 6th century BCE. 409-24. The Kassites, who were an important force in the region from the 16th to the 12th centuries BCE, took up residence in Nippur centuries after the city was abandoned, and created the ancient map of Nippur. This God held this position for many years after Kassite rule hand ended. This governor seems to have enjoyed a special, apparently privileged, status among the other provincial governors (Sassmannshausen tends to compare his role to that of a chief minister of the state: Kanzler). For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The Babylonian Kudurru Inscriptions and their Legal and Sociohistorical Implications". The temple gave people loans, possibly in return for labor, which may have led to a situation of indebtedness. 41, no. Genesis 2:14 gives the location of the Garden of Eden. Mu-s-Sa Dates in the Kassite Period. Die Welt Des Orients, vol. Kassite period. del Monte and Tischler, 1978, p. 344; Belmonte Marn, 2001, pp. They date the fall of Babylon to ca. 415 f.). The anonymity of most of the Kassites in late Old Babylonian sources is not greatly remedied by the new occurrences from the unpublished texts evaluated by Richardson (2002, pp. [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. What type of medicine do you put on a burn? The Early Kassite Period". Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B. C.: The Documentary Evidence. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 185f. Ancient Babylon was an influential city that served as a center of Mesopotamian civilization for nearly two millennia, from roughly 2000 B.C. 471-589. "Kassite." Adad-shuma-usur had the longest reign that lasted for about 30 years. Biblical Archaeology Review is the guide on that fascinating journey. of Pientka, Sptaltbabylonische Zeit, OLZ 95, 2000, pp. and ruled the area for 576 years. (2012). On the whole, it cannot be proven that the Kassites living in Babylonia had an essentially different social organization from that of the Babylonians (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 150). The Kassites retained power for about four hundred years (until 1155 BC). Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. Cite This Work W. De Smet, Kashsh in Old-Babylonian Documents, Akkadica 68, 1990, pp. 24 f., 33 f., 38 f., 45, 54, 57, 66 f., 68 ff., 82 ff., 92 ff.). M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. 9, pp. The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. The letters M-S in ancient Egyptian mean to come from. 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. v. They acted along with palatial and temple ones (see Edens, 1994, pp. They later regained power yet would be defeated along with many other nations under King Nebuchadnezzar in the seventh century BC. Their main project was the foundation of a new capital, named Dr-Kurigalzu Kurigalzus fortress (this type of place name is common in second- and early first-millennium Babylonia, where the initial component precedes a Kassite anthroponym (e.g., Agum and Burra-sah, Nashef, 1982, pp. These grants were recorded on stone stelae (sing. 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. One of its many anthropological and theological implications is that Genesis 10 and 11 are historically accurate. The event is recorded in Genesis 12. Its about events 700-1000 years later. Phone Toll Free: 877-966-7300 or 816-584-3077, [This article continues after a message from the authors], These Articles are Written by the Publishers of, Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 2023. This should come at no surprise given the nature of god/goddess worship within the land. [18] Often situated on the surface, many were found early and made their way to museums around the world. G. del Monte and J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der hethitischen Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 6, Wiesbaden, 1978. This event saw the conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great and marked the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. 129, Brinkman, J. (Non-dynastic usurpers17351701 BCE) The ancient Near East: historical sources in translation. The fall of the First Sealand dynasty in 1460 BC created a power vacuum which the Kassites filled. What Is The Eye Of The Needle (Matthew 19:23-24 / Mark 10:25)? Iraq Museum, Limestone relief of a male figure from Tell al-Rimah, Iraq. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. 2, pp. 1400 BCE, the accession of the Kassite king Kara-inda (comparing El Amarna letter 10). First mentioned in the Bible is the record of Genesis 10:8-10 which names Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of the city in the dim prehistoric past. The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: The Absurd History Of Papal Edicts Concerning Jews, How Well Do You Know Your Bible? 17-22. The Kassite and post-Kassite kings granted land to temples, members of the royal family, and functionaries. 32731, Horowitz, W., Reeves, S., Stillman, L., White, M., & Zilberg, P. (2015). Idem, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B.C. . Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). I. M. Diakonoff and S. M. Kashkai, Geographical Names According to Urartian Texts, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 9, Wiesbaden, 1979. atttacks Babylonia and takes the throne in 1224. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. 131 f.). The first Jewish king, King Saul, defeated the Ammonites and made them his servants. Kassites (among others) were included in the workforces (mostly agricultural laborers): individuals defined as Kassites (Ka) or bearing Kassite names appear in ration lists. (a)the invention of monotheism (b)implementing political reforms that harmed the majority of egyptians. The Kassite termini surviving in Akkadian are mainly from the realms of horse breeding and chariot building. The findings of those digs can be found HERE. The 9th year name of king Samsu-iluna (17491712 BC) of Babylon, the son of Hammurabi mentions them ie. 144 ff.). "The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State." [57] The images created by these seals were unique to each seal, but many shared the same subject matter. See also IRAN vii. [15][16] Kudurrus, stone stele used to record land grants and related documents provide another source for Kassite history. 1, 1989, pp. After acting as king of Babylon for a year (1220 BCE), Tukulti-Ninurta I appointed a succession of puppet rulers, who controlled Babylonia for a decade. The longest lasting of several Babylonian dynasties, the Kassites held the region between the Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq for over 400 years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Several members of the ruling family of Ellipi (< Middle Babylonian Ullipi, with attenuation of the initial vowel, according to A. Fuchs apud Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 151b) bore Kassite names. Why Did Christ Ride a Donkey on His Triumphant Entry? Kassite and Elamite Kings". Over the centuries, however, the Kassites were absorbed into the Babylonian population. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Richardson (2002, p. 347) is of the opinion that the fortresses were forerunners of the later Kassite feudal communities. About 200 additional lexical elements can be gained by the analysis of the more numerous anthroponyms, toponyms, theonyms, and horse names used by the Kassites (see Balkan, 1954, passim; Jaritz, 1957 is to be used with caution). Idem, Hurrians as Well as Individuals Bearing Hurrian and Strange Names in Sumerian Sources, in A. F. Rainey, A. Kempinski, and M. Sigrist, eds., Kinatttu a drti. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. The emergence of Assyria as a world power under Aur-uballi caused Burnaburia II to marry Aur-uballis daughter as his main wife. The landed property was only partially in the hands of Kassites. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. Kassites played a central role in the military. Kassites and Assyrians. [32][33] The Kassites also extended their power into the Persian Gulf, including at Qal'at al-Bahrain. The chariot and the horse, which the Kassites worshipped, first came into use in Babylonia at this time. They reportedly dominated this territory from roughly the twelfth through the tenth centuries B.C.E. Jt. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. 1499 BCE. BIBL 410 W EEKLY S TUDY Q UESTION 4 One Blood/Introduction to Abraham Answer thoroughly the following questions based on this module/week's Reading & Study material: 1. The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia.
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