The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (nps.gov) parallels the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., to Antietam. With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. Join Our Email List In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. This is a PowerPoint lecture. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. However, across the state, sympathies were mixed. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. 69-70. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. or "The South shall be free!" $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. History Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. Obviously many natives of Maryland were doubtless in 1861 citizens of other States, and could not therefore be reckoned among the soldiers furnished by Maryland to the Confederate armies. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort [16] President Lincoln also complied with the request to reroute troops to Annapolis, as the political situation in Baltimore remained highly volatile. The presentation shows the work by blacks and white alike to aid and save enslaved people. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. 6306239). It was actually two miles downriver in a placid, sandy-bottomed part of the Potomac on John Rowzees farm. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. civil War original matches. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. 62-65. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Every purchase supports the mission. Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. [69] Such celebrations would prove short lived, as Steuart's brigade was soon to be severely damaged at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 13, 1863), a turning point in the war and a reverse from which the Confederate army would never recover. Salisbury University, 1991). At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. The city was in panic. Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. Throughout the War units In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. The areas of Southern and Eastern Shore Maryland, especially those on the Chesapeake Bay (which neighbored Virginia), which had prospered on the tobacco trade and slave labor, were generally sympathetic to the South, while the central and western areas of the state, especially Marylanders of German origin,[5] had stronger economic ties to the North and thus were pro-Union. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. Webcivil war sword union soldier 15,480 Civil War Camp Premium High Res Photos Browse 15,480 civil war camp stock photos and images available, or search for civil war sword or union soldier to find more great stock photos and pictures. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Life in a CCC Camp There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. [64], The armies met near the town of Sharpsburg by the Antietam Creek. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. WebThe Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. The destruction was accomplished the next day. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. Population of the United States in 1860, G.P.O. By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. During the American Civil War (18611865), WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. In Western Maryland, Lees efforts came to head with the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War at Antietam. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 1819, 1861. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. Meanwhile, General Winfield Scott, who was in charge of military operations in Maryland indicated in correspondence with the head of Pennsylvania troops that the route through Baltimore would resume once sufficient troops were available to secure Baltimore.[17]. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The story of Rockvilles Dora Higgins and her experiences during the Civil War. [86], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union include measures such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, which was controversially ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native Justice Roger Taney, and in the lyrics of the former Maryland state song, Maryland, My Maryland, which referred to Lincoln as a "despot," a "vandal," and, a "tyrant.". WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. The new constitution came into effect on November 1, 1864, making Maryland the first Union slave state to abolish slavery since the beginning of the war. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. [citation needed]. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. [citation needed] Most of these volunteers tended to hail from southern and eastern counties of the state, while northern and western Maryland furnished more volunteers for the Union armies. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". Civil War veterans did it differently. It will bust some 150 year old myths, such as Civil War soldiers being awake and biting on bullets during surgery. [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. Commandants purposely cut ration sizes and quality for personal profit, leading to illness, scurvy, and starvation. WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. This history of the 1st U.S.C.T., credited to the District of Columbia contains roster on pp. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. The issue of slavery was finally confronted by the constitution which the state adopted in 1864. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1142195385, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)).
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