Raber, D. J. et al. Polym. For DT19, nRx is calculated as the ratio of expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19 to expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19. Recent efforts to sidestep this degradation using microwaves and added radical initiators led to oligomeric products with 5060% decarboxylation19. served as a sounding board throughout the project. Lancet Glob. Coates, G. W. & Getzler, Y. D. Y. L. Chemical recycling to monomer for an ideal, circular polymer economy. We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. john deere quick hitch. A summary of findings and implications of these estimates is shown in Table 1. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Nature Governance - axudas.gal Noronha, K. V. M. S. et al. Environ. Eng. 5. Several provisional patent and patent applications have been filed based on this work. Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. Slider with three articles shown per slide. A. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Technical Assistance Projects (all subprogrammes): 22 September (5 p.m.). PDF Nature and Biodiversity The adhesive properties of the synthesized polyacrylates were evaluated using rheology and analyzed with respect to Changs viscoelastic window (VW), which classifies different adhesive types48. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The decline was larger for males, widening by 9.1% the femalemale gap in e0. Inicio / Programas UE / LIFE2027 / LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV (LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV) - NATURE GOVERNANCE. We abstracted death data on 18 May 2021, for all states, as reported through 30 April 2021 (n=209,458 confirmed COVID-19 deaths). J. Polym. Cad. Dokumentai pareikjams: Gairs Paraikos forma (A ir B dalys) Priedas "Vietovs apraymas" Priedas "Ri ir buveini apraymas" P.T.C. Creton, C. Pressure-sensitive adhesives: An introductory course. In quest of challenging role Operational excellence in specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical industry demonstrated success extremely reliable, collaborative; 16 + years associated with companies. We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. Polym. Nat. %PDF-1.7 In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. . Khoo, S. C. et al. volume27,pages 16291635 (2021)Cite this article. Google Scholar. Carlyle, R. L. Process for the production of acrylic acid esters. Rev. Correspondence to | Saiba mais sobre as conexes, experincia profissional, formao . Todd Carruthers - Asset Inventory Manager - Fujitsu | LinkedIn Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. Chem. Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. April 2021 was the deadliest month since the pandemic began: nine capital cities reported more deaths than births, and, by 25 April, the number of COVID-19 deaths in 2021 surpassed that reported in 2020. We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. Marques, N. P. et al. The main results presented in the text are based on differences between the 2019 and 2020 life tables, for two primary reasons. Specifically, using a 2 or 3 step synthetic process, the sodium polyacrylate is converted into a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which has a significant global market (expected to be $13 billion by 2023) (https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market). In Amap, the femalemale gap is estimated to increase by 2.1 years, the highest among the states (Fig. For both DT20 and DT19, after estimating the ratio of non-COVID-19 deaths to all-cause deaths, we then used this ratio to estimate the counterfactual life tables in which COVID-19 was eliminated and COVID-19 was included, respectively. Larger relative femalemale gaps were estimated for e65an increase of 16.3% in 2020 in Brazil and a 107% increase in 2020 in Amap. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19 - Nature A large study showed a higher risk of death 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis, even among those who did not require hospitalization34. Ichiura, H., Nakaoka, H. & Konishi, T. Recycling disposable diaper waste pulp after dehydrating the superabsorbent polymer through oxidation using ozone. Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. 26, 565581 (2000). Phillips, T. Covid eruption in Brazils largest state leaves health workers begging for help. & Brooks, C. L. Adaptive landscape flattening accelerates sampling of alchemical space in multisite dynamics. Funding & tenders - European Commission Cancer diagnosis in Brazil in the COVID-19 era. 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). The superstar forward is not taking anything for granted on her return to netball. endobj Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. PubMed Central Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. Faria, N. R. et al. We calculated nRx, the age-specific and sex-specific ratio of deaths from all causes other than COVID-19 to deaths inclusive of COVID-19. Marcia C. Castro. M.C.C. of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Demonstrativos de linhagens e genomas SARS-CoV-2. Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. Ching, T. W. et al. Because this recycling method should be amenable to waste polymer as the feedstock, it offers a more sustainable alternative to diaper disposal in a landfill or incineration. Teikti paraik ia. Sap gui scripting python - yebsw.von-der-leuchtenburg.de The authors thank Procter and Gamble (P&G) for supporting this work, as well as Ryan Hayes and Jonah Vilseck for assisting with simulations, Edwin Zishiri for assisting with synthesis, Gary Gilbertson, Bill Begley, and Yiping Sun for performing SEC on the PSAs, and Prof. Brian Love for his intellectual contributions. Based on the total number of deaths reported in Brazil in 2019 and 2020, we constructed period life tables and calculated the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 by state and sex (Methods). Sci. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale Soil Environ. Decrosslinking has been reported using ozonolysis16, though not for the purposes of mechanical recycling. Adv. Fifth, reductions in the health budget and changes in the health financing model are likely to affect health outcomes40. Presentation(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022), European Climate Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, This site is managed by the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP), Follow the European Commission on social media, Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu). Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. Aileen Camantigue - National Capital Region, Philippines - LinkedIn FaterSMART. La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l' ambiente, il clima e l' energia . 1)24,25,26. Sci. For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. 32, 290299 (2016). 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. J. Silveira, M. F. et al. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> . 28, 434439 (2003). Third, reports of long-term consequences of COVID-19 among survivors continue to emerge32,33, including fatigue and neurological, pulmonary and cardiovascular complications, among others. Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. We applied standard life table relationships to complete these counterfactual life tables44. Il nuovo programma contribuir alla transizione verso un' economia sostenibile, al miglioramento della qualit dell'ambiente e alla tutela della biodiversit. Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). However, this process utilizes expensive solvents (dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide) and stoichiometric quantities of base (tetramethylguanidine), both of which would likely be too costly for large-scale recycling of waste superabsorbent materials. We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Science 372, 821826 (2021). xCv+}jE`MGA-k8E5YYM Natl Acad. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. Int. Jul 13, 2021 Nature and Biodiversity ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to European Union objectives for the protection, maintenance and restoration of the Union's natural capital in its marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. 75, 337345 (2002). 8). Prod. Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. Blackwhite risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges. Thus, we estimated total deaths in 2021, inclusive of COVID-19 deaths, as \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), where \({\,}_nD_x\) is the number of deaths estimated to occur in 2021 in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_nK_x\) is the population at risk in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_n^ \ast M_x\) are age-specific mortality rates in the absence of COVID-19 (assumed to be 2019 mortality rates); and \({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\) is the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths. M.C.C. In contrast, few studies have examined recycling of the sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymers. GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). Chang, E. P. Viscoelastic windows of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Chem. Programma LIFE 2021-2027: primi bandi - GreenHoMe 4). George Paulus Dias - Managing Director - GP3 - LinkedIn and C.M.T. JAMA 325, 808811 (2021). 4d). M.C.C. 5)49,50. Proc. Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil. To understand why esterification is so favored, we turned to small molecule model systems (Supplementary Information pgs S17S26). 127, 289301 (2016). Nuzzo, J. To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. The new plastics economy: rethinking the future of plastics & catalyzing action. JRSvk] and T.A. Expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19 are calculated by assuming that individuals who do not die of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 are subject to the mortality rates of 2019. Netball news: Nat Medhust discusses West Coast Fever return in Team 58, 13471364 (2020). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. % [:BiU{okw}weM~{zo=nR{=x"}C?V]nQi,"8(,|"}'Y77iY. "Climate action". Chiang, C. L. Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Biostatistics (Wiley, 1968). Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. Instead, we envisioned a 23 step method from crosslinked sodium polyacrylate: (i) acid-catalyzed or base-mediated decrosslinking to generate linear polymers, (ii) optional sonication to lower the molar mass, and (iii) functionalizing via esterification to generate tack (Fig. Barone, M. T. U. et al. However, this approach can lead to low yields due to competitive ester hydrolysis41,42 and catalyst deactivation by water43. Correspondence to Boletim Extraordinrio do Observatrio Covid-19 Fiocruz. Programma Life - Sottoprogramma Natura e biodiversit - Bando per (In contrast to this assumption, the potential dependence between COVID-19 and other causes might lead to modified probabilities of dying from other causes if COVID-19 were eliminated or added as a cause of death.) Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. George Giles - VP Marketing & Strategy - LinkedIn That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2020). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Nature and Biodiversity ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE . If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 8,17). We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. Hone, T. et al. States are colored according to major regions. MRS Bull. Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Acc. The lack of a coordinated, prompt and equitable response informed by science, as well as the promotion of disinformation, have been the hallmark of the current administration27. !J8Di,t1@'l:fBHM?bG)z6PRIq\QiA#J%B,yd6:$U drJH!e+Lal#fl&|5v{@V:"`as[#!S/`GoQd&~^lsv)rp. T32 AG000037). Rev. Lancet Respir. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Semin. 2). ANDS with Nectar and RDS have a vision in 2018-19 to create the Australian Research Data Cloud - "an integrated data-intensive infrastructure system, incorporating physical infrastructure, policies, data, software, tools and support for researchers." J. Environ. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: Eng. et al. Ultimately, inequality might become worse, exacerbating an already distressing scenario due to COVID-19. Lancet 396, 365366 (2020). We did not make any corrections for the under-registration of deaths. Nat Commun 12, 4524 (2021). To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. This result suggests that most crosslinks had been hydrolyzed within 15h (Supplementary Fig. To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature 1c), broadly mirroring the patterns across states (Fig. Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). PDF LIFE 2021 Nature and Biodiversity Calls for proposals for: Standard a, Estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. In late April 2021, a parliamentary commission of inquiry was launched to investigate the governments handling of the pandemic response41. Santos, M. C. et al. Liu, Y., Lotero, E. & Goodwin, J. G. Jr Effect of water on sulfuric acid catalyzed esterification. Sonication has previously been used to chain-shorten high-molar mass polymers with various backbone architectures31,32, including polyacrylic acid33, and has been used at scale34. Nat. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the project intends to improve the conservation status of Caretta caretta, thanks to the establishment of an international network, through the use of the best shared techniques and the use of a monitoring system. We performed all demographic analyses in Microsoft Excel version 16.44 and data cleaning and processing in Stata version 15.1 (Stata Corporation) and R version 4.0.0 (2020). Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. Excess mortality in Brazil: a detailed description of trends in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. A life cycle assessment demonstrates that the adhesives synthesized via this approach outcompete the same materials derived from petroleum feedstocks on nearly every metric, including carbon dioxide emissions and cumulative energy demand. We calculate three sets of estimates of life expectancy decline but argue that those based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020, which include all reported deaths in those 2 years, are the most defensible because they do not depend on accurate classification of cause of death, determination of whether the death was directly or indirectly due to COVID-19 or assumptions about independence among causes. For all intervals except ages 01, 15 and 90+, the interval length n is 5 years wide. Rochman, C. M. Microplastics research-from sink to source. Projects focussing exclusively on governance are excluded from this Call topic and covered by the related Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV. ^c2/rML[,[gs] T.A., S.G. and S.K. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). Chubarova, E. V., Melenevskaya, E. Y. Italian Institute for Environmental Tobing, S. D. & Klein, A. Molecular parameters and their relation to the adhesive performance of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. 1d). While catalytic depolymerization methods20 can, in principle, proceed without side-chain degradation, they have not yet been demonstrated for commercial sources of polyacrylic acid. Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team.<br><br>SKILLS <br> Experienced in Master Data . sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). USA 118, e2019536118 (2021). LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic 88, 5670 (2019). Therefore, our estimates would not be seriously affected by missing deaths unless a different pattern of errors emerges in 2020. . 21). Il 13 luglio stato aperto il primo invito a presentare proposte nell'ambito del nuovo programma LIFE 2021-202 7, che comprende quattro sottoprogrammi: natura e biodiversit, economia circolare e qualit della vita, Pereira, A. K., Oliveira, M. S. & Sampaio, T. S. Heterogeneidades das polticas estaduais de distanciamento social diante da COVID-19: aspectos polticos e tcnico-administrativos. Eng. x:y*$J*e,=x QHM`zeF i(ED'*V[Xzd;KOtI102e2P\vto\jQ| Z We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. Preprint at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1 (2021). % (ed.) https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf (2015). Programme for Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) ID: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE: Types of action: LIFE Project Grants: Deadline model: single-stage: Opening date: 13 July 2021: Deadline date: 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time . stream In summary, the death toll of COVID-19 in Brazil has been catastrophic. An accomplished and highly motivated senior ABAP Developer. Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. endobj Error bars are derived from an average of two experiments. In addition, D.I.C. Thank you for visiting nature.com. PDF LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). US Provisional Patent Application No. . Waste Manag. Huang, C. et al. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. 9, 407418 (2021). Under ultrasound, solvodynamic shear forces cleave polymer chains into shorter fragments while maintaining the polymers chemical identity. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. In any recycling effort, it is essential that a life cycle assessment27 is performed to determine the energy and environmental costs. Scope: b, Estimated change in e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. 1 Land Law III (LLAW3105) Exam DECEMBER 2021 MARKING GUIDE Examiner I: II: University #: Q1 (22) + Q2 (18) + Q3 (12) + Q4 (14) + Q5 (14) - Total Marks: (out of 80) Q Suggested points/answers Marks 1(a) Land is held under Tso, Chinese customary trust for ancestral worship and is supposed to be inalienable and perpetual. Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Unfortunately, most used diapers sit in landfills without substantial biodegradation, or are incinerated. 3, e1700782 (2017). and C.M.T. As of 25 May 2021, 20 of the 27 capital cities have intensive care unit occupancy above 80% (half of those above 90%)20. Rahimi, A. LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu) J. U.S. Patent 8404887B2 (March 26, 2013). All authors contributed to the interpretation of results and manuscript editing. Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. In Latin America, at least four countries experienced secular mortality declines at earlier dates: Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica and Cuba9. 9w%?>Jb(o.IACt"`. The Guardian. Disruption in treatment and diagnosis of tuberculosis and HIV might increase mortality over the next 5 years30. Lancet 397, 220232 (2021). The transformation relies on an (i) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, (ii) optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) a highly efficient esterification driven by hydrophobicity. The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. First, we estimate that COVID-19 deaths in the first 4 months of 2021 have already reduced e0 by 1.8 years, and the ultimate effect on 2021 e0 will be even greater. Chem. M.C.C. Chem. 1). As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. Public Health Nutr. For example, high degrees of esterification were observed via 1H NMR spectroscopy when using only 5 equiv. Prajapat, A. L. & Gogate, P. R. Intensification of depolymerization of polyacrylic acid solution using different approaches based on ultrasound and solar irradiation with intensification studies. All environmental data were gathered from experiments, literature, or the ecoinvent database (version 3.5)51, and implemented in SimaPro v. 9.0.0.4850, as described in detail within the Supporting Information (Supplementary Information pgs S36S41). (Carl Hanser Verlag 2012). JAMA 324, 510513 (2020). The South was the last region to be severely hit by COVID-19 in 2020 (ref. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais; RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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